Which scenario would require a search warrant before conducting a search?

In the context of search and seizure law, searching a suspect's home for stolen goods typically requires a search warrant due to the protections afforded by the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. This amendment safeguards individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures, emphasizing the need for law enforcement to have probable cause and a judicial order before intruding into a person's private dwelling.

Entering a home without a warrant is generally viewed as a significant invasion of privacy, which is why law enforcement is obligated to obtain a search warrant based on probable cause. This legal procedure involves demonstrating to a judge that there is enough credible evidence to believe that evidence of a crime can be found in the location to be searched.

In contrast, other scenarios such as observing illegal items in plain view, searching a vehicle with probable cause, or arresting someone in a public space are exceptions where a warrant is not necessary. These situations allow law enforcement to act more swiftly when they have immediate cause or see evidence of wrongdoing without the need for a warrant.